Defence Production in India and the Role of State Governments

Abstract

Defence manufacturing connects national security with the everyday capabilities of industrial regions. India’s ability to equip its armed forces depends on national procurement decisions, but also on factories, skilled workers, reliable utilities and suppliers located within states. This article examines the evolution of Indian defence production and argues that state governments are essential partners in building a technologically capable and commercially sustainable industrial base. Using documentary analysis of constitutional provisions, government policies and selected international strategies, it distinguishes the Union’s strategic and regulatory responsibilities from the developmental functions performed by states. Particular attention is given to the defence industrial corridors in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, alongside opportunities for wider regional participation. The discussion identifies procurement uncertainty, limited access to testing, technological dependence and uneven institutional capacity as persistent constraints. It recommends stronger intergovernmental coordination, supplier development, transparent incentives and investment in research and technical education. Sustainable self-reliance requires the capacity to design, manufacture, maintain and improve defence systems, supported by accountable institutions and meaningful opportunities for local enterprises.